Towards a top-down design methodology for 4D printing
                        Year: 2017
                        Editor: Anja Maier, Stanko Škec, Harrison Kim, Michael Kokkolaras, Josef Oehmen, Georges Fadel, Filippo Salustri, Mike Van der Loos
                        Author: Sossou, Germain; Demoly, Frédéric; Montavon, Ghislain; Gomes, Samuel
                        Series: ICED
                       Institution: Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), France
                        Section: Design for X, Design to X
                        Page(s): 395-404
                        ISBN: 978-1-904670-93-3
                        ISSN: 2220-4342
                        
Abstract
An innovative trend promoted by the unique capabilities of additive manufacturing techniques is about the 4D Printing concept. It is the process by which parts embodying smart materials are printed, they are therefore able to react to changes in their environment. As a new way of thinking and manufacturing method, few is known about how to systematically bring such smart products ideas into reality. This paper discusses a general framework for designing 4D printed products. It delineates the research effort to be made so that designers are sufficiently empowered to design this new type of products. A methodology facilitating the consideration of smart materials is considered.
Keywords: Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), Additive Manufacturing, Design methods